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1 substantial firm
Макаров: солидная фирма -
2 a substantial firm
Макаров: солидная фирма -
3 ♦ substantial
♦ substantial /səbˈstænʃl/a.1 sostanziale; essenziale; effettivo; concreto; reale; vero e proprio: a substantial difference, una differenza sostanziale; the substantial point, il punto essenziale; a substantial contribution, un contributo concreto; to make substantial progress, fare progressi effettivi; a substantial success, un successo vero e proprio2 consistente; solido ( anche fig.): a substantial building, un edificio solido; a substantial firm, una ditta solida3 considerevole; notevole; ragguardevole; importante; non indifferente: (comm.) substantial orders, ordinazioni ragguardevoli; substantial concessions, importanti concessioni; a substantial fortune, un patrimonio non indifferente● a substantial argument, un argomento assai valido □ (ass.) substantial damages, risarcimento sostanziale dei danni □ (leg.) substantial evidence, prove sufficienti □ (leg.) substantial performance, adempimento sostanziale □ (leg.) substantial proof, prova convincente □ (leg.) substantial right, diritto materiale □ the substantial truth, la verità dei fattisubstantially avv. -
4 substantial
[səbʹstænʃ(ə)l] a1. прочный, крепкий; солидный2. плотный, питательный ( о пище)to have a substantial meal [breakfast] - плотно поесть [позавтракать]
3. существенный, важный, значительный; большойsubstantial argument [point] - важный аргумент [вопрос]
substantial improvement - значительное /существенное/ улучшение
substantial contribution - большой /существенный/ вклад
substantial reasons - веские соображения /причины/
a substantial sum of money - значительная /крупная/ сумма денег
4. состоятельный; солидныйsubstantial farmer - состоятельный /зажиточный/ фермер
one of the substantial men of the town - один из уважаемых людей этого города
5. основной, главныйwe are in substantial agreement - по основным вопросам мы придерживаемся одних и тех же взглядов
6. реальный, вещественный, реально существующий, материальныйno mere apparition but a substantial being - не просто видение, а реальное, живое существо
7. филос. материальный, вещественный8. спец. субстанциальный -
5 substantial
səbˈstænʃəl прил.
1) крепкий, прочный, солидный substantial building ≈ солидное здание substantial furniture ≈ прочная мебель Syn: strong, firm
2) а) филос. материальный, вещественный б) вещественный, действительный, материальный, реальный, реально существующий Syn: corporeal, real, material
3) важный, значимый, значительный, немаловажный, существенный, большой Syn: essential, material
4) состоятельный прочный, крепкий;
солидный - * building солидное здание - * furniture прочная мебель - a man of * build человек крепкого телосложения плотный, питательный( о пище) - * food питательная пища - to have a * meal плотно поесть существенный, важный, значительный;
большой - * argument важный аргумент - * improvement значительное /существенное/ улучшение - * contribution большой, существенный вклад - * aid значительная помощь - * reasons веские соображения /причины/ - a * sum of money значительная /крупная/ сумма денег - this makes a * difference это существенно меняет дело состоятельный;
солидный - * farmer состоятельный /зажиточный/ фермер - a * firm солидная фирма - one of the * men of the town один из уважаемых людей этого города основной, главный - we are in * agreement по основным вопросам мы придерживаемся одних и тех же взглядов реальный, вещественный, реально существующий, материальный - no mere apparition but a * being не просто видение, а реальное, живое существо( философское) материальный, вещественный (специальное) субстанциальный substantial важный ~ главный ~ зажиточный ~ значительный ~ крепкий ~ основной ~ питательный ~ прочный, крепкий ~ прочный ~ реальный, вещественный ~ состоятельный ~ существенный, важный, значительный;
substantial contribution большой вклад;
substantial improvement заметное улучшение ~ существенный, важный, значительный ~ существенный ~ существенный, важный, значительный;
substantial contribution большой вклад;
substantial improvement заметное улучшение ~ существенный, важный, значительный;
substantial contribution большой вклад;
substantial improvement заметное улучшениеБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > substantial
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6 substantial
adjective1) (considerable) beträchtlich; erheblich [Zugeständnis, Verbesserung]; größer... [Darlehen]2) gehaltvoll [Essen, Nahrung]3) (solid in structure) solide, stabil [Möbel]; solide [Haus]; kräftig [Körperbau]; wesentlich [Unterschied, Argument]* * *[səb'stænʃəl]1) (solid or strong: a nice substantial table.) fest•- academic.ru/71724/substantially">substantially- substantiate* * *sub·stan·tial[səbˈstæn(t)ʃəl]adj attr1. (significant) bedeutend\substantial contribution wesentlicher Beitrag\substantial difference erheblicher Unterschied\substantial evidence hinreichender Beweis\substantial improvement deutliche Verbesserung2. (weighty) überzeugend, stichhaltig\substantial argument stichhaltiges Argument3. (large amount) beträchtlich, erheblichhis novel needed a \substantial amount of rewriting ein beträchtlicher Teil seines Romans musste umgeschrieben werden\substantial breakfast gehaltvolles Frühstück\substantial decrease deutlicher Rückgang\substantial fortune bedeutendes Vermögen\substantial increase erhebliche Zunahme\substantial number bedeutende Anzahl\substantial sum stattliche Summe5. (largely true)the \substantial truth die reine Wahrheit6. (concerning most significant points) wesentlichto be in \substantial agreement sich akk weitgehend einig sein, im Wesentlichen übereinstimmen* * *[səb'stnSəl]adj1) person, cloth kräftig; furniture, building, firm solide; rope stark; book umfangreich; meal, dish reichhaltig2) (= considerable) income, loss, gain, amount beträchtlich, erheblich; part, majority, contribution, improvement wesentlich, bedeutend; (= rich) landowner, businessman vermögend, kapitalkräftig3) (= weighty, important) bedeutend; proof, argument überzeugend, stichhaltig; difference wesentlich, bedeutendto be in substantial agreement — im Wesentlichen übereinstimmen
* * *1. materiell, stofflich, wirklich (vorhanden), greifbar2. nahrhaft, kräftig, gehaltvoll (Mahlzeit etc)3. fest, kräftig (Stoff etc)4. beträchtlich, wesentlich (Fortschritt, Unterschied etc);substantial reasons gewichtige Gründe;a substantial sum eine namhafte oder stattliche Summe5. wesentlich:in substantial agreement im Wesentlichen übereinstimmend;a substantial victory im Großen und Ganzen ein Sieg6. gediegen, zuverlässig7. stichhaltig, fundiert (Argumente, Beweise etc)8. vermögend, kapitalkräftig (Händler etc)* * *adjective1) (considerable) beträchtlich; erheblich [Zugeständnis, Verbesserung]; größer... [Darlehen]2) gehaltvoll [Essen, Nahrung]3) (solid in structure) solide, stabil [Möbel]; solide [Haus]; kräftig [Körperbau]; wesentlich [Unterschied, Argument]* * *adj.beträchtlich adj.dauerhaft adj.echt adj.fest adj.gehaltvoll adj.haltbar adj.kräftig adj.körperlich adj.nahrhaft adj.reichhaltig adj.reichlich adj.stofflich adj.substantiell adj.substanziell adj.sättigend adj.wesentlich adj.wirklich adj. -
7 substantial
1. a прочный, крепкий; солидный2. a плотный, питательный3. a существенный, важный, значительный; большой4. a состоятельный; солидный5. a основной, главный6. a реальный, вещественный, реально существующий, материальныйno mere apparition but a substantial being — не просто видение, а реальное, живое существо
7. a филос. материальный, вещественный8. a спец. субстанциальныйСинонимический ряд:1. abundant (adj.) abundant; ample; considerable; plentiful; sizable2. heavy (adj.) copious; heavy; voluminous3. important (adj.) big; consequential; essential; historic; important; large; meaningful; momentous; notable; significant; valuable; weighty; worthy4. prosperous (adj.) comfortable; easy; prosperous; well; well-fixed; well-heeled; well-off; well-to-do5. real (adj.) actual; concrete; corporeal; gross; material; objective; palpable; phenomenal; physical; real; sensible; substantive; tangible; visible6. strong (adj.) firm; massive; resolute; solid; sound; stable; stout; strong7. wealthy (adj.) affluent; influential; opulent; responsible; rich; thriving; wealthyАнтонимический ряд:ethereal; fictitious; frail; ghostly; imaginary; immaterial; incorporeal; insubstantial; meager; needy; poor; spiritual; suppositious; trivial; unimportant; unsound -
8 substantial
[səb'stæn(t)ʃ(ə)l]прил.1) крепкий, прочный, солидныйSyn:2) питательный ( о пище)to eat something rather more substantial than bread and butter — съесть что-нибудь более существенное, чем бутерброд
3)а) филос. материальный, вещественныйб) действительный, материальный, реальный, реально существующийSyn:4)а) основной, главныйб) важный, значимый, значительный, немаловажный, существенный, большойSyn:5)а) зажиточный, обеспеченный, состоятельныйSyn:б) достаточный ( по количеству)He earned a substantial wage. — Он получал приличную зарплату.
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9 solid
'solid
1. adjective1) (not easily changing shape; not in the form of liquid or gas: Water becomes solid when it freezes; solid substances.) sólido2) (not hollow: The tyres of the earliest cars were solid.) macizo3) (firm and strongly made (and therefore sound and reliable): That's a solid piece of furniture; His argument is based on good solid facts/reasoning.) sólido4) (completely made of one substance: This bracelet is made of solid gold; We dug till we reached solid rock.) macizo5) (without breaks, gaps or flaws: The policemen formed themselves into a solid line; They are solid in their determination to strike.) de una sola pieza6) (having height, breadth and width: A cube is a solid figure.) sólido7) (consecutive; without a pause: I've been working for six solid hours.) seguido, ininterrumpido
2. adverb(without interruption; continuously: She was working for six hours solid.) ininterrumpidamente
3. noun1) (a substance that is solid: Butter is a solid but milk is a liquid.) sólido2) (a shape that has length, breadth and height.) sólido•- solidify
- solidification
- solidity
- solidness
- solidly
- solid fuel
solid adj1. sólido2. macizotr['sɒlɪd]1 (not liquid or gas) sólido,-a2 (not hollow) macizo,-a3 (dense, compact) compacto,-a4 (unmixed) puro,-a, macizo,-a5 (strong) sólido,-a, fuerte6 (reliable) sólido,-a, de confianza, de fiar7 (unanimous) unánime8 (continuous) seguido,-a, entero,-a; (unbroken) continuo,-a9 SMALLTECHNICAL/SMALL (three-dimensional) tridimensional1 (substance) sólido■ solids, liquids and gasses sólidos, líquidos y gases\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLas solid as a rock firme como una rocato become solid solidificarsesolid figure cuerpo sólidosolid geometry geometría del espaciosolid ['sɑləd] adj1) : macizoa solid rubber ball: una bola maciza de caucho2) cubic: tridimensional3) compact: compacto, denso4) sturdy: sólido5) continuous: seguido, continuotwo solid hours: dos horas seguidasa solid line: una línea continua6) unanimous: unánime7) dependable: serio, fiable8) pure: macizo, purosolid gold: oro macizosolid n: sólido madj.• compacto, -a adj.• consistente adj.• denso, -a adj.• duro, -a adj.• enterizo, -a adj.• fijo, -a adj.• firme adj.• macizo, -a adj.• sólido, -a adj.• unánime adj.n.• macizo s.m.• sólido s.m.
I 'sɑːləd, 'sɒlɪd1)a) ( not liquid or gaseous) sólidosolid food — alimentos mpl sólidos
to become solid — solidificarse*
b) ( not hollow) <rubber ball/tire> macizoc) ( Math) tridimensional2)a) ( unbroken) <line/row> continuo, ininterrumpidob) ( continuous) (colloq) <month/year> seguido3)a) ( physically sturdy) <furniture/house> sólido; < meal> consistenteb) (substantial, valuable) <knowledge/reason> sólidoc) (firm, definite) < offer> en firme4)b) ( unanimous) <support/agreement> unánime
II
1)a) (Chem, Phys) sólido mb) ( Math) sólido m2) solids pla) (in, from liquid) sólidos mpl, sustancias fpl sólidasb) ( food) alimentos mpl sólidos
III
adverb (colloq)['sɒlɪd]to be packed/jammed solid — estar* lleno hasta el tope or hasta los topes
1. ADJ1) (=not liquid) sólido•
to become solid — solidificarse•
to freeze solid — congelarse por completo•
to be frozen solid — estar completamente congelado•
to go solid — solidificarse2) (=firm) [masonry, building, understanding, basis] sólido; [argument] sólido, bien fundamentado; [relationship] sólido, firme•
get a good solid grip on the handle — agarra bien el mangoto have solid grounds for thinking that... — tener bases sólidas para creer que...
3) (=not hollow) [rock] sólido; [wood, steel] macizo, puro; [tyre, ball, block] macizo4) (=compact, dense) [layer, crowd] compacto•
flights to Israel are booked solid — los vuelos a Israel están completamente llenos•
a solid mass of colour — una masa sólida de color•
the streets were packed solid with people — las calles estaban abarrotadas de gente•
the bolts have rusted solid — los tornillos están tan oxidados que es imposible girarlos•
the traffic was solid going into town — había una caravana tremenda en dirección a la ciudad *5) (=continuous) [line, rain] ininterrumpidoI've been working on this for eight hours solid — he estado trabajando sobre esto durante ocho horas ininterrumpidas, llevo trabajando sobre esto ocho horas sin parar
6) (=reliable) [person, relationship] serio; [evidence, reason, values] sólido; [information] fiable; [work] concienzudo; [citizen] responsable; [advice] útil7) (=substantial)8) (=unanimous)9) (Geom) [figure] tridimensional2. N1) (Phys, Chem) sólido m2) (Geom) sólido mis he on solids yet? — ¿come ya alimentos sólidos?
3.CPDsolid angle N — (Geom) ángulo m sólido
solid compound N — (Ling) compuesto que se escribe como una sola palabra
solid fuel N — combustible m sólido
solid geometry N — geometría f de los cuerpos sólidos
* * *
I ['sɑːləd, 'sɒlɪd]1)a) ( not liquid or gaseous) sólidosolid food — alimentos mpl sólidos
to become solid — solidificarse*
b) ( not hollow) <rubber ball/tire> macizoc) ( Math) tridimensional2)a) ( unbroken) <line/row> continuo, ininterrumpidob) ( continuous) (colloq) <month/year> seguido3)a) ( physically sturdy) <furniture/house> sólido; < meal> consistenteb) (substantial, valuable) <knowledge/reason> sólidoc) (firm, definite) < offer> en firme4)b) ( unanimous) <support/agreement> unánime
II
1)a) (Chem, Phys) sólido mb) ( Math) sólido m2) solids pla) (in, from liquid) sólidos mpl, sustancias fpl sólidasb) ( food) alimentos mpl sólidos
III
adverb (colloq)to be packed/jammed solid — estar* lleno hasta el tope or hasta los topes
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10 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.———————————————————————————————————————— -
11 solid
1. adjective1) (rigid) festfreeze/be frozen solid — [fest] gefrieren/gefroren sein
2) (of the same substance all through) massivsolid tyre — Vollgummireifen, der
be packed solid — (coll.) gerammelt voll sein (ugs.)
3) (well-built) stabil; solide gebaut [Haus, Mauer usw.]have a solid majority — (Polit.) eine solide Mehrheit haben
4) (reliable) verlässlich, zuverlässig [Freund, Helfer, Verbündeter]; fest [Stütze]5) (complete) ganz6) (sound) stichhaltig [Argument, Grund]; solide [Arbeiter, Finanzlage, Firma]; solide, gediegen [Komfort, Grundlage]7) (Geom.): (having three dimensions) dreidimensional; räumlich2. noun1) (substance) fester Körper* * *['solid] 1. adjective1) (not easily changing shape; not in the form of liquid or gas: Water becomes solid when it freezes; solid substances.) fest2) (not hollow: The tyres of the earliest cars were solid.) massiv3) (firm and strongly made (and therefore sound and reliable): That's a solid piece of furniture; His argument is based on good solid facts/reasoning.) handfest4) (completely made of one substance: This bracelet is made of solid gold; We dug till we reached solid rock.) massiv5) (without breaks, gaps or flaws: The policemen formed themselves into a solid line; They are solid in their determination to strike.) geschlossen6) (having height, breadth and width: A cube is a solid figure.) räumlich2. adverb(without interruption; continuously: She was working for six hours solid.) geschlagen3. noun1) (a substance that is solid: Butter is a solid but milk is a liquid.) der Festkörper2) (a shape that has length, breadth and height.) der Körper•- academic.ru/68749/solidarity">solidarity- solidify
- solidification
- solidity
- solidness
- solidly
- solid fuel* * *sol·id[ˈsɒlɪd, AM ˈsɑ:-]I. adj\solid foundation stabile [o solide] Grundlage\solid punch kräftiger Schlag\solid rock massiver [o harter] Fels2. (not hollow) massiv3. (not liquid) fest\solid waste Festmüll mto be frozen \solid zugefroren sein4. (completely) ganz\solid gold Massivgold nt\solid silver massives [o reines] Silber\solid black/blue/red rein schwarz/blau/rot5. (substantial) verlässlich\solid argument stichhaltiges [o triftiges] Argument\solid evidence handfester Beweis\solid facts zuverlässige Fakten\solid footing stabile Basis\solid grounding solides [o fundiertes] Grundwissen\solid meal ordentliche [o richtige] Mahlzeit\solid reasoning fundierte Argumentation\solid reasons vernünftige [o stichhaltige] Gründe6. (concrete) plan konkrethe slept for 12 hours \solid er schlief 12 Stunden am Stückit rained for a month \solid es regnete einen ganzen Monat lang ohne Unterbrechunga \solid line of cars eine Autoschlange\solid record ungebrochener Rekord\solid success/winning streak anhaltender Erfolg/anhaltende Glückssträhne8. (unanimous)\solid approval volle [o geschlossene] Zustimmung\solid support volle Unterstützung9. (dependable) person solide, zuverlässig; democrat, socialist hundertprozentig; marriage, relationship stabil\solid bond festes Band\solid conservative Erzkonservative(r) f(m)11. (sound) solide, gut\solid performance gediegene VorstellungII. adv vollthe lecture hall was packed \solid with students der Vorlesungssaal war randvoll mit Studententhe hotel was booked \solid throughout January das Hotel war den ganzen Januar hindurch ausgebuchtIII. n4. FOOD* * *['sɒlɪd]1. adj1) (= firm, not liquid) fuel, food, substance festsolid body — Festkörper m
2) (= pure, not hollow, not broken) block, gold, oak, rock massiv; matter fest; crowd, traffic etc dicht; stretch, row, line ununterbrochen; queue, line of people etc geschlossen; layer dicht, dick; week ganz; (= heavily-built) person stämmigsolid ball/tyre — Vollgummiball m/-reifen m
the square was packed solid with cars — die Autos standen dicht an dicht auf dem Platz
they worked for two solid days — sie haben zwei Tage ununterbrochen gearbeitet, sie haben zwei volle Tage gearbeitet
he was 6 ft of solid muscle —
a man of solid build — ein kräftig or massiv gebauter Mann
a solid gold bracelet — ein Armband nt aus massivem Gold
3) (= stable, secure) bridge, house, car stabil; furniture, piece of work, character solide; foundations, ground fest; business, firm gesund, solide, reell; (= worthy) place respektabel; (= powerful) grip kraftvoll; (= competent) performance solidehe's a good solid worker —
4) reason, argument handfest, stichhaltig; grounds gut, fundiertto be solid on sth (accept/reject) —
we are solid behind you/that proposal — wir stehen voll und ganz hinter Ihnen/diesem Vorschlag
Newtown is solid for Labour — Newtown wählt fast ausschließlich Labour
6) (= valuable, substantial) education, knowledge, grounding solide; relationship stabil; meal kräftig, nahrhaft7)(= not hyphenated)
to be written solid — zusammengeschrieben werden2. adv1) (= completely) völlig2) (= without a break) pausenlos3. n1) fester Stoffsolids and liquids — feste und flüssige Stoffe pl; (Sci) Festkörper und Flüssigkeiten pl
* * *A adj (adv solidly)1. allg fest:solid body Festkörper m;solid state PHYS fester (Aggregat)Zustand;solid waste Festmüll m;on solid ground auf festem Boden (a. fig)2. hart, kompakt3. dicht, geballt (Wolkenmassen etc)4. stabil, massiv (gebaut) (Haus etc)5. derb, fest, stabil, kräftig (Stoff etc):solid build kräftiger Körperbau;solid leather Kernleder n;a solid meal ein kräftiges Essen6. massiv (Ggs hohl), Voll…:solid axle Vollachse f;7. massiv, gediegen (Gold):a solid gold watch eine Uhr aus massivem Gold8. fig solid(e), gründlich (Ausbildung etc)9. geschlossen, zusammenhängend (Häuserreihe etc)10. umg voll, geschlagen:11. a) einheitlich (Farbe)b) einfarbig (Hintergrund)12. echt, wirklich (Trost etc)13. gewichtig, triftig (Grund etc):solid arguments handfeste Argumente15. WIRTSCH solid(e)16. MATHa) körperlich, räumlichb) Kubik…, Raum…:solid angle räumlicher Winkel;solid geometry Stereometrie f;17. TYPO kompress, ohne Durchschuss18. kräftig, hart (Schlag etc)19. geschlossen, einmütig, solidarisch ( alle:for für jemanden oder etwas):the solid South der einmütige Süden (der USA, der ständig für die Demokraten stimmt);a solid vote eine einstimmige Wahl21. US sl prima, klasse, erstklassigB s1. MATH Körper m2. PHYS Festkörper m3. pl feste Bestandteile pl:4. pl feste Nahrung* * *1. adjective1) (rigid) festfreeze/be frozen solid — [fest] gefrieren/gefroren sein
2) (of the same substance all through) massivsolid tyre — Vollgummireifen, der
be packed solid — (coll.) gerammelt voll sein (ugs.)
3) (well-built) stabil; solide gebaut [Haus, Mauer usw.]have a solid majority — (Polit.) eine solide Mehrheit haben
4) (reliable) verlässlich, zuverlässig [Freund, Helfer, Verbündeter]; fest [Stütze]5) (complete) ganz6) (sound) stichhaltig [Argument, Grund]; solide [Arbeiter, Finanzlage, Firma]; solide, gediegen [Komfort, Grundlage]7) (Geom.): (having three dimensions) dreidimensional; räumlich2. noun1) (substance) fester Körper* * *adj.fest adj.massiv adj.robust adj.solid adj.solide adj.stabil adj.stabil gebaut adj.zuverlässig adj. -
12 solid
1. n физ. твёрдое тело2. n мат. тело3. n твёрдая пищаsolid oil — солидол, твёрдая или густая смазка
4. n твёрдое веществоmilk solids — сухой остаток молока; сухие вещества молока
5. n слово, пишущееся слитно, без дефиса6. n амер. сл. закадычный друг7. n авт. массивная шина8. n горн. порода, массив9. a твёрдый10. a густой, плотный11. a сплошной, цельный, неполый12. a сплошной, однородный13. a гладкий, без выработки14. a сплошной, непрерывныйsolid print — сплошной оттиск, оттиск с формы плашки
15. a пишущийся слитно, слитно написанныйsolid word — слитно написанное слово, сложное слово
16. a чистый, беспримесный, неразбавленный17. a крепкий, прочный, массивный18. a сильный, здоровый, крепкий19. a плотный, сытный, питательный20. a убедительный, веский, основательный21. a солидный, надёжныйsolid comfort — полный серьёзный, глубокий
solid reading — серьёзное чтение, серьёзные книги
22. a единодушный, единогласный; единый, сплочённый23. a непрерывный, постоянныйset solid — текст, набранный с постоянным интерлиньяжем
24. a разг. целый, полный25. a амер. сл. хороший, отличный26. a разг. находящийся в близких отношениях27. a спец. трёхмерный, пространственный28. adv полностью, целиком29. adv единодушно, единогласноСинонимический ряд:1. concrete (adj.) concrete; material; physical; substantial2. continuous (adj.) consecutive; continued; continuous; entire; regular; unbroken; undivided; uniform; whole3. firm (adj.) cohesive; compact; dense; firm; fixed; hard; heavy; resistant; rooted; steady; thick4. great (adj.) big; great; stout; strong; thorough; vigorous; vigourous5. real (adj.) complete; genuine; good; real6. reliable (adj.) dependable; reliable; responsible; trustworthy; trusty7. sensible (adj.) sensible; sober; sober-minded8. sound (adj.) cogent; convincing; dependable; honest; just; persuasive; reliable; safe; satisfactory; satisfying; sound; steadfast; successful; telling; trustworthy; valid; well-established9. sure (adj.) fast; secure; stable; staunch; sturdy; sure10. three-dimensional (adj.) cubic; three-dimensional11. unanimous (adj.) concurrent; consentaneous; consentient; unanimous12. united (adj.) consolidated; united13. mass (noun) block; lump; mass14. hard (other) firmly; hard; hardly; solidlyАнтонимический ряд:counterfeit; divided; elastic; ethereal; fallacious; flat; flimsy; fluid; frail; frivolous; gaseous; hollow; impressible; invalid; light; loose; unreliable; unstable -
13 steady
1. n опора, держатель2. n разг. молодой человек, постоянный друг3. n разг. девушка, подруга4. a прочный, твёрдый, устойчивый5. a устойчивый, постоянный, стабильный; ровный, равномерный6. a тех. установившийся; спокойный7. a непоколебимый, твёрдый; верный8. a степенный, спокойный9. a надёжный, неизменный, постоянный10. adv устойчиво; ровноkeep her steady!, steady as you go! — так держать!
11. v укреплять, делать прочным, придавать устойчивость12. v укрепляться, приходить в устойчивое состояние, становиться прочным13. v успокаивать, действовать успокаивающе14. v остепениться15. v придать степенность16. v ком. стабилизировать17. v ком. стабилизироваться18. int берегись!, спокойно!, осторожно!19. int мор. так держать!Синонимический ряд:1. balanced (adj.) balanced; fixed; stable2. ceaseless (adj.) ceaseless; continuous; incessant; persistent3. conscientious (adj.) conscientious; dependable; reliable4. constant (adj.) consistent; constant; equable; even; invariable; stabile; unchanging; undeviating; unfluctuating; uniform; uninterrupted; unremitting; unvarying5. dedicated (adj.) dedicated; patient; staunch6. faithful (adj.) allegiant; ardent; faithful; fast; liege; loyal; resolute; true7. firm (adj.) firm; solid; sturdy; substantial8. frequent (adj.) frequent; habitual; regular9. steadfast (adj.) calm; cool; poised; sedate; settled; staid; steadfast; unwavering10. sure (adj.) abiding; enduring; never-failing; sure; unfaltering; unqualified; unquestioning; unshakable; unshaken; wholehearted11. girl friend (noun) beau; beloved; boyfriend; flame; girl friend; honey; inamorata; inamorato; ladylove; lover; sweetheart; sweetie; truelove12. stabilise (verb) balance; ballast; brace; counterbalance; equalise; firm; poise; secure; stabilify; stabilise; stabilitate; stabilize; stiffenАнтонимический ряд:erratic; fickle; fluctuating; inconstant; infirm; irresponsible; mercurial; mutable; occasional; restless; shaky; sporadic; unsettled; unstable; unsteady; upset; variable -
14 солидный
прил.
1) solid, strong, firm, sound
2) (надежный) reliable, sedate;
respectable
3) (значительный) considerable
4) разг. (о возрасте) middle-aged
5) разг. (большой - о человеке) massive, stoutсолидн|ый -
1. (прочный, крепкий) solid, substantial;
~ое здание substantial building;
2. (основательный, глубокий) thorough, extensive, considerable;
~ые знания thorough/wide knowledge sg. ;
~ журнал serious magazine;
3. (серьезный, значительный) established, serious, recognized;
~ учёный serious/established scientist;
~оe учреждение recognized institution;
4. (важный, представительный) impressive, imposing, weighty;
~ человек impressive person;
~ тон lofty tone;
5. (крупный, полный) massive, big;
6. (не очень молодой) ;
~ возраст fair age;
7. разг. (значительный no величине) fair- sized, considerable;
~ая сумма sizeable amount, considerable sum of money.Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > солидный
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15 Morris, William Richard, Viscount Nuffield
[br]b. 10 October 1877 Worcester, Englandd. 22 August 1963 Nuffield Place, England[br]English industrialist, car manufacturer and philanthropist.[br]Morris was the son of Frederick Morris, then a draper. He was the eldest of a family of seven, all of whom, except for one sister, died in childhood. When he was 3 years old, his father moved to Cowley, near Oxford, where he attended the village school. After a short time with a local bicycle firm he set up on his own at the age of 16 with a capital of £4. He manufactured pedal cycles and by 1902 he had designed a motor cycle and was doing car-repair work. By 1912, at the Motor Show, he was able to announce his first car, the 8.9 hp, two-seater Morris Oxford with its characteristic "bull-nose". It could perform at up to 50 mph (80 km/h) and 50 mpg (5.65 1/100 km). It cost £165.Though untrained, Morris was a born engineer as well as a natural judge of character. This enabled him to build up a reliable team of assistants in his growing business, with an order for four hundred cars at the Motor Show in 1912. Much of his business was built up in the assembly of components manufactured by outside suppliers. In he moved out of his initial premises by New College in Longwall and bought land at Cowley, where he brought out his second model, the 11.9hp Morris Oxford. This was after the First World War, during which car production was reduced to allow the manufacture of tanks and munitions. He was awarded the OBE in 1917 for his war work. Morris Motors Ltd was incorporated in 1919, and within fifteen months sales of cars had reached over 3,000 a year. By 1923 he was producing 20,000 cars a year, and in 1926 50,000, equivalent to about one-third of Britain's output. With the slump, a substantial overdraft, and a large stock of unsold cars, Morris took the bold decision to cut the prices of cars in stock, which then sold out within three weeks. Other makers followed suit, but Morris was ahead of them.Morris was part-founder of the Pressed Steel Company, set up to produce car bodies at Cowley. A clever operation with the shareholding of the Morris Motors Company allowed Morris a substantial overall profit to provide expansion capital. By 1931 his "empire" comprised, in addition to Morris Motors, the MG Car Company, the Wolseley Company, the SU Carburettor Company and Morris Commercial Cars. In 1936, the value of Morris's financial interest in the business was put at some £16 million.William Morris was a frugal man and uncomplicated, having little use for all the money he made except to channel it to charitable purposes. It is said that in all he gave away some £30 million during his lifetime, much of it invested by the recipients to provide long-term benefits. He married Elizabeth Anstey in 1904 and lived for thirty years at Nuffield Place. He lived modestly, and even after retirement, when Honorary President of the British Motor Corporation, the result of a merger between Morris Motors and the Austin Motor Company, he drove himself to work in a modest 10 hp Wolseley. His generosity benefited many hospitals in London, Oxford, Birmingham and elsewhere. Oxford Colleges were another class of beneficiary from his largesse.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsViscount 1938; Baron (Lord Nuffield) 1934; Baronet 1929; OBE 1917; GBE 1941; CH 1958. FRS 1939. He was a doctor of seven universities and an honorary freeman of seven towns.Further ReadingR.Jackson, 1964, The Nuffield Story.P.W.S.Andrews and E.Brunner, The Life of Lord Nuffield.IMcNBiographical history of technology > Morris, William Richard, Viscount Nuffield
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16 Stuart, Herbert Akroyd
SUBJECT AREA: Steam and internal combustion engines[br]b. 1864 Halifax, Englandd. 1927 Perth, Australia[br]English inventor of an oil internal-combustion engine.[br]Stuart's involvement with engines covered a period of less than ten years and was concerned with a means of vaporizing the heavier oils for use in the so-called oil engines. Leaving his native Yorkshire for Bletchley in Buckinghamshire, Stuart worked in his father's business, the Bletchley Iron and Tin Plate works. After finishing grammar school, he worked as an assistant in the Mechanical Engineering Department of the City and Guilds of London Technical College. He also formed a connection with the Finsbury Technical College, where he became acquainted with Professor William Robinson, a distinguished engineer eminent in the field of internal-combustion engines.Resuming work at Bletchley, Stuart carried out experiments with engines. His first patent was concerned with new methods of vaporizing the fuel, scavenging systems and improvement of speed control. Two further patents, in 1890, specified substantial improvements and formed the basis of later engine designs. In 1891 Stuart joined forces with R.Hornsby and Sons of Grantham, a firm founded in 1815 for the manufacture of machinery and steam engines. Hornsby acquired all rights to Stuart's engine patents, and their superior technical resources ensured substantial improvements to Stuart's early design. The Hornsby-Ackroyd engines, introduced in 1892, were highly successful and found wide acceptance, particularly in agriculture. With failing health, Stuart's interest in his engine work declined, and in 1899 he emigrated to Australia, where in 1903 he became a partner in importing gas engines and gas-producing plants. Following his death in 1927, under the terms of his will he was interred in England; sadly, he also requested that all papers and materials pertaining to his engines be destroyed.[br]BibliographyJuly 1886, British patent no. 9,866 (fuel vapourization methods, scavenging systems and improvement of speed control; the patent describes Stuart as Mechanical Engineer of Bletchley Iron Works).1890, British patent no. 7,146 and British patent no. 15,994 (describe a vaporizing chamber connected to the working cylinder by a small throat).Further ReadingD.Clerk, 1895, The Gas and Oil Engine, 6th edn, London, pp. 420–6 (provides a detailed description of the Hornsby-Ackroyd engine and includes details of an engine test).T.Hornbuckle and A.K.Bruce, 1940, Herbert Akroyd Stuart and the Development of the Heavy Oil Engine, London: Diesel Engine Users'Association, p. 1.KAB -
17 good
1. adjective,1) (satisfactory) gut; (reliable) gut; zuverlässig; (sufficient) gut; ausreichend [Vorrat]; ausgiebig [Mahl]; (competent) gut; geeignethis good eye/leg — sein gesundes Auge/Bein
Late again! It's just not good enough! — (coll.) Schon wieder zu spät. So geht es einfach nicht!
be good at something — in etwas (Dat.) gut sein
speak good English — gut[es] Englisch sprechen
be good with people — etc. mit Menschen usw. gut od. leicht zurechtkommen
2) (favourable, advantageous) gut; günstig [Gelegenheit, Augenblick, Angebot]too good to be true — zu schön, um wahr zu sein
the good thing about it is that... — das Gute daran ist, dass...
be too much of a good thing — zu viel des Guten sein
you can have too much of a good thing — man kann es auch übertreiben
be good for somebody/something — gut für jemanden/etwas sein
eat more than is good for one — mehr essen, als einem guttut
it's a good thing you told him — nur gut, dass du es ihm gesagt hast
3) (prosperous) gut4) (enjoyable) schön [Leben, Urlaub, Wochenende]the good old days — die gute alte Zeit
the good life — das angenehme[, sorglose] Leben
have a good time! — viel Spaß od. Vergnügen!
it's good to be home again — es ist schön, wieder zu Hause zu sein
Did you have a good day at the office? — Wie war es heute im Büro?
5) (cheerful) gut; angenehm [Patient]good humour or spirits or mood — gute Laune
I'm not feeling too good — (coll.) mir geht es nicht sehr gut
6) (well-behaved) gut; bravbe good!, be a good girl/boy! — sei brav od. lieb!
[as] good as gold — ganz artig od. brav
would you be so good as to or good enough to do that? — wären Sie so freundlich od. nett, das zu tun?
that/it is good of you — das/es ist nett od. lieb von dir
8) (commendable) gutgood for you — etc. (coll.) bravo!
good old Jim — etc. (coll.) der gute alte Jim usw. (ugs.)
my good man/friend — (coll.) mein lieber Herr/Freund (ugs.; auch iron.)
that's a good one — (coll.) der ist gut! (ugs.); (iron.) das ist'n Ding! (ugs.)
9) (attractive) schön; gut [Figur, Haltung]; gepflegt [Erscheinung, Äußeres]; wohlgeformt [Beine]10) (thorough) guthave a good weep/rest/sleep — sich richtig ausweinen/ausruhen/[sich] richtig ausschlafen (ugs.)
11) (considerable) [recht] ansehnlich [Menschenmenge]; ganz schön, ziemlich (ugs.) [Stück Wegs, Entfernung, Zeitraum, Strecke]; gut, anständig [Preis, Erlös]; hoch [Alter]12) (sound, valid) gut [Grund, Rat, Gedanke]; berechtigt [Anspruch]; (Commerc.) solide [Kunde]; sicher [Anleihe, Kredit]good sense — Vernünftigkeit, die
have the good sense to do something — so vernünftig sein, etwas zu tun
13) (in greetings)good afternoon/day — guten Tag!
good evening/morning — guten Abend/Morgen!
14) in exclamation gutvery good, sir — sehr wohl!
good God/Lord — etc. see nouns
15) (best) gut [Geschirr, Anzug]16) (correct, fitting) gut; (appropriate) angebracht; ratsam17)as good as — so gut wie
18)2. adverb as intensifiermake good — (succeed) erfolgreich sein; (effect) in die Tat umsetzen; ausführen [Plan]; erfüllen [Versprechen]; (compensate for) wieder gutmachen [Fehler]; (indemnify) ersetzen [Schaden, Ausgaben]. See also academic.ru/6608/best">best 1.; better 1.
(coll.)good and... — richtig...
3. nounhit somebody good and proper — jemanden ordentlich verprügeln. See also best 2.; better 2.
1) (use) Nutzen, derbe some good to somebody/something — jemandem/einer Sache nützen
he'll never be any good — aus dem wird nichts Gutes werden
is this book any good? — taugt dieses Buch etwas?
be no good to somebody/something — für jemanden/etwas nicht zu gebrauchen sein
it is no/not much good doing something — es hat keinen/kaum einen Sinn, etwas zu tun
what's the good of...?, what good is...? — was nützt...?
2) (benefit)for your/his etc. own good — zu deinem/seinem usw. Besten od. eigenen Vorteil
for the good of mankind/the country — zum Wohl[e] der Menschheit/des Landes
do no/little good — nichts/wenig helfen od. nützen
do somebody/something good — jemandem/einer Sache nützen; [Ruhe, Erholung:] jemandem/einer Sache gut tun; [Arznei:] jemandem/einer Sache helfen
I'll tell him, but what good will that do? — ich sag es ihm, aber was nützt od. hilft das schon?
come home £10 to the good — mit 10 Pfund plus nach Hause kommen
3) (goodness) Gute, dasthe difference between good and bad or evil — der Unterschied zwischen Gut und Böse
4) (kind acts) Gute, dasbe up to no good — nichts Gutes im Sinn haben od. im Schilde führen
5)for good [and all] — (finally) ein für allemal; (permanently) für immer [und ewig]; endgültig
6) constr. as pl. (virtuous people)8) in pl.deliver the goods — (fig.) halten, was man verspricht
* * *[ɡud] 1. comparative - better; adjective2) (correct, desirable etc: She was a good wife; good manners; good English.) gut3) (of high quality: good food/literature; His singing is very good.) gut4) (skilful; able to do something well: a good doctor; good at tennis; good with children.) geschickt6) (helpful; beneficial: Exercise is good for you.; Cheese is good for you.) gut7) (pleased, happy etc: I'm in a good mood today.) gut9) (considerable; enough: a good salary; She talked a good deal of nonsense.) reichlich10) (suitable: a good man for the job.) geeignet12) (sensible: Can you think of one good reason for doing that?) gut13) (showing approval: We've had very good reports about you.) gut14) (thorough: a good clean.) gewissenhaft15) (healthy or in a positive mood: I don't feel very good this morning.) gut2. noun1) (advantage or benefit: He worked for the good of the poor; for your own good; What's the good of a broken-down car?) der Nutzen2) (goodness: I always try to see the good in people.) das Gute3. interjection(an expression of approval, gladness etc.) gut!- goodness4. interjection- goods- goody
- goodbye
- good-day
- good evening
- good-for-nothing
- good humour
- good-humoured
- good-humouredly
- good-looking
- good morning
- good afternoon
- good-day
- good evening
- good night
- good-natured
- goodwill
- good will
- good works
- as good as
- be as good as one's word
- be up to no good
- deliver the goods
- for good
- for goodness' sake
- good for
- good for you
- him
- Good Friday
- good gracious
- good heavens
- goodness gracious
- goodness me
- good old
- make good
- no good
- put in a good word for
- take something in good part
- take in good part
- thank goodness
- to the good* * *[gʊd]I. ADJECTIVE<better, best>1. (of high quality) gutthere's nothing like a \good book es geht nichts über ein gutes Buchshe speaks \good Spanish sie spricht gut Spanischdogs have a \good sense of smell Hunde haben einen guten Geruchssinnhe's got \good intuition about such matters er hat in diesen Dingen ein gutes Gespüryour reasons make \good sense but... deine Gründe sind durchaus einleuchtend, aber...\good show [or job]! gut gemacht!I need a \good meal now jetzt brauche ich was Ordentliches zu essen!the child had the \good sense to... das Kind besaß die Geistesgegenwart...he only has one \good leg er hat nur ein gesundes Bein\good appetite gesunder Appetitto be a \good catch eine gute Partie seina \good choice/decision eine gute Wahl/Entscheidung\good ears/eyes gute Ohren/Augento do a \good job gute Arbeit leistento be in \good shape in guter [körperlicher] Verfassung sein\good thinking gute Idee\good timing gutes Timingto be/not be \good enough gut/nicht gut genug seinthat's just not \good enough! so geht das nicht!if she says so that's \good enough for me wenn sie es sagt, reicht mir dasto be \good for nothing zu nichts taugento feel \good sich akk gut fühlenI don't feel too \good today heute geht's mir nicht besonders fam2. (skilled) gut, begabthe's a \good runner [or he's \good at running] er ist ein guter Läufershe's very \good at learning foreign languages sie ist sehr sprachbegabtthis book is \good on international export law dieses Buch ist sehr gut, wenn man etwas über internationale Exportbestimmungen erfahren möchtehe is particularly \good on American history besonders gut kennt er sich in amerikanischer Geschichte austo be \good with one's hands geschickt mit seinen Händen seinto be \good in bed gut im Bett sein famto be \good with people gut mit Leuten umgehen können3. (pleasant) schönthat was the best party in a long time das war die beste Party seit Langemit's \good to see [or seeing] you after all these years schön, dich nach all den Jahren wiederzusehen!\good morning/evening guten Morgen/Abendto have a \good day/evening einen schönen Tag/Abend habenhave a \good day schönen Tag noch!\good news gute Neuigkeitento have a \good time [viel] Spaß haben\good weather schönes Wetterto have a \good one ( fam) einen schönen Tag haben4. (appealing to senses) gut, schönafter a two-week vacation, they came back with \good tans nach zwei Wochen Urlaub kamen sie gut gebräunt zurückmost dancers have \good legs die meisten Tänzer haben schöne Beineto look/smell/sound/taste \good gut aussehen/riechen/klingen/schmeckensb looks \good in sth clothes etw steht jdmto have \good looks, to be \good-looking gut aussehen5. (favourable) guthe made a very \good impression at the interview er hat beim Vorstellungsgespräch einen sehr guten Eindruck gemachtthere's a \good chance [that]... die Chancen stehen gut, dass...we got a \good deal on our new fridge wir haben unseren neuen Kühlschrank günstig erstandenthe play got \good reviews [or a \good press] das Stück hat gute Kritiken bekommenit's a \good job we didn't go camping last weekend — the weather was awful zum Glück sind wir letztes Wochenende nicht campen gegangen — das Wetter war schrecklichthe \good life das süße Lebenbest of luck on your exams today! alles Gute für deine Prüfung heute!a \good omen ein gutes Omento be too much of a \good thing zu viel des Guten seinyou can have too much of a \good thing man kann es auch übertreiben\good times gute Zeitento be too \good to be true zu schön, um wahr zu seinto have [got] it \good ( fam) es gut haben6. (beneficial) vorteilhaft▪ to be \good for sb gut für jdn seinmilk is \good for you Milch ist gesundto be \good for business/for headaches gut fürs Geschäft/gegen Kopfschmerzen sein7. (useful) nützlich, sinnvollwe had a \good discussion on the subject wir hatten eine klärende Diskussion über die Sacheit's \good that you checked the door gut, dass du die Tür nochmal überprüft hast8. (on time)in \good time rechtzeitigbe patient, you'll hear the result all in \good time seien Sie geduldig, Sie erfahren das Ergebnis noch früh genugin one's own \good time in seinem eigenen Rhythmusto be a \good time to do sth ein guter Zeitpunkt sein, [um] etw zu tunthe college has been very \good about her health problem die Hochschule zeigte sehr viel Verständnis für ihr gesundheitliches Problemit was very \good of you to help us es war sehr lieb von dir, uns zu helfenhe's got a \good heart er hat ein gutes Herzbe so \good as to... sei doch bitte so nett und...would you be \good enough to... wären Sie so nett und...\good deeds/works gute Tatento do a \good deed eine gute Tat tun11. (moral) gutthe G\good Book die [heilige] Bibelfor a \good cause für einen guten Zweckto set a \good example to sb jdm ein gutes Vorbild seinsb's \good name/reputation jds guter Name/guter Rufto be [as] \good as one's word vertrauenswürdig sein12. (well-behaved) gut\good dog! braver Hund!be a \good girl and... sei ein liebes Mädchen [o sei so lieb] und...OK, I'll be a \good sport o.k., ich will mal kein Spielverderber seinshe's been as \good as gold all evening sie hat sich den ganzen Abend über ausgezeichnet benommento be on \good/one's best behaviour sich akk gut benehmen/von seiner besten Seite zeigen\good loser guter Verlierer/gute Verliererinthe house needs a \good clean[ing] das Haus sollte mal gründlich geputzt werdenhave a \good think about it lass es dir noch einmal gut durch den Kopf gehennow, now — have a \good cry schon gut — wein dich mal so richtig austhey have built a \good case against the suspect sie haben einen hieb- und stichfesten Fall gegen den Verdächtigen aufgebautwe had some \good fun at the amusement park wir hatten so richtig viel Spaß im Vergnügungsparka \good beating eine gründliche Tracht Prügelto have a \good laugh ordentlich lachena \good talking to eine Standpaukethis car should be \good for another year or so dieses Auto hält wohl schon noch ein Jahr oder sohe gave us a gift certificate \good for $100 er hat uns einen Geschenkgutschein über 100 Dollar überreichtthis ticket is only \good on weekends dieses Ticket gilt nur an Wochenendenmy credit card is only \good for another month meine Kreditkarte ist nur noch einen Monat gültigwe walked a \good distance today wir sind heute ein ordentliches Stück gelaufenshe makes \good money at her new job sie verdient in ihrem neuen Job gutes Geldit's a \good half hour's walk to the station from here von hier bis zum Bahnhof ist es zu Fuß eine gute halbe Stundea \good deal jede Mengeyou're looking a \good deal better now du siehst jetzt ein gutes Stück besser austo make a \good profit einen beträchtlichen Profit machena \good few/many eine ganze Mengehe is always \good for a laugh er ist immer gut für einen Witzthanks for the loan and don't worry, I'm \good for it danke für den Kredit und keine Sorge, ich zahle ihn zurückher credit is \good sie ist kreditwürdig▪ as \good as... so gut wie...our firewood is as \good as gone unser Feuerholz ist nahezu aufgebrauchtto be as \good as dead/new so gut wie tot/neu seinthey as \good as called me a liar sie nannten mich praktisch eine Lügnerin!I need a \good long holiday ich brauche mal wieder so einen richtig schönen langen Urlaub!what you need is a \good hot cup of coffee was du brauchst, ist eine gute Tasse heißen Kaffee▪ \good and...:she's really \good and mad sie ist so richtig sauerI'll do it when I'm \good and ready, and not one minute before ich mache es, sobald ich fertig bin und keine Minute früher!very \good sehr wohl! veraltet\good gracious! ach du liebe Zeit!\good grief! du meine Güte!oh, — \good for you! oh, schön für dich! iron\good old James! der gute alte James!the \good old days die gute alte Zeit23.▶ if you can't be \good, be careful ( prov) wenn man schon was anstellt, sollte man sich wenigstens nicht [dabei] erwischen lassen▶ it's as \good as it gets besser wird's nicht mehr▶ to give as \good as one gets es [jdm] mit gleicher Münze heimzahlen▶ \good to go fertig, bereit▶ to make \good zu Geld kommen▶ to make sth ⇆ \good (repair) etw reparieren; mistake etw wiedergutmachen; (pay for) etw wettmachen fam; (do successfully) etw schaffen▶ to make \good time gut in der Zeit liegen▶ for \good measure als Draufgabe, obendrein▶ \good riddance Gott sei Dank!▶ she's \good for another few years! mit ihr muss man noch ein paar Jahre rechnen!II. ADVERBboy, she can sure sing \good, can't she? Junge, die kann aber gut singen, oder?to do sth \good and proper etw richtig gründlich tunwell, you've broken the table \good and proper na, den Tisch hast du aber so richtig ruiniert!III. NOUN\good and evil Gut und Böseto be up to no \good nichts Gutes im Schilde führento do \good Gutes tun▪ the \good pl die Guten plthis medicine will do you a [or the] world of \good diese Medizin wird Ihnen unglaublich gut tunto do more harm than \good mehr schaden als nützenfor the \good of his health zum Wohle seiner Gesundheit, seiner Gesundheit zuliebefor the \good of the nation zum Wohle der Nationfor one's own \good zu seinem eigenen Bestento be no [or not to be any] /not much \good nichts/wenig nützenthat young man is no \good dieser junge Mann ist ein Taugenichtsto not do much/any \good nicht viel/nichts nützeneven a small donation can do a lot of \good auch eine kleine Spende kann eine Menge helfenthat won't do much \good das wird auch nicht viel nützenit's no \good complaining all day den ganzen Tag rumzujammern bringt auch nichts! famwhat \good is sitting alone in your room? was bringt es, hier alleine in deinem Zimmer zu sitzen?; ( iron)a lot of \good that'll do [you]! das wird [dir] ja viel nützen! iron4. (profit)we were £7,000 to the \good when we sold our house als wir unser Haus verkauften, haben wir einen Gewinn von 7.000 Pfund eingestrichen; ( fig)he was two gold medals to the \good by the end of the day am Ende des Tages war er um zwei Goldmedaillen reicher5. (ability)7.▶ for \good [and all] für immer [und ewig]* * *[gʊd]1. ADJECTIVEcomp better, superl best1) gutthat's a good one! (joke) — das ist ein guter Witz; ( usu iro : excuse ) wers glaubt, wird selig! (inf)
he tells a good story —
good fortune — Glück nt
you've never had it so good! — es ist euch noch nie so gut gegangen, ihr habt es noch nie so gut gehabt
it's too good to be true — es ist zu schön, um wahr zu sein
this is as good as it gets — besser wirds nicht mehr __diams; to be good at sth gut in etw (dat) sein
to be good at sport/languages — gut im Sport/in Sprachen sein
to be good at sewing/typing — gut nähen/tippen können
that's not good enough, you'll have to do better than that — das geht so nicht, du musst dich schon etwas mehr anstrengen
if he gives his word, that's good enough for me — wenn er sein Wort gibt, reicht mir das
her work/conduct is just not good enough —
they felt he wasn't good enough for her — sie waren der Meinung, dass er nicht gut genug für sie war
I don't feel too good — mir ist nicht gut, ich fühle mich nicht wohl
you look good in that — du siehst gut darin aus, das steht dir gut __diams; to make good mistake, damage wiedergutmachen; threat wahr machen; promise erfüllen
to make good one's losses — seine Verluste wettmachen
as good as new —
he as good as called me a liar/invited me to come — er nannte mich praktisch einen Lügner/hat mich praktisch eingeladen
2) = beneficial gutmilk is good for children to be good for toothache/one's health — Milch ist gut or gesund für Kinder gut gegen Zahnschmerzen/für die Gesundheit sein
to drink more than is good for one — mehr trinken, als einem guttut
what's good for consumers isn't always good for the economy — was gut für den Verbraucher ist, ist nicht immer gut für die Wirtschaft
3) = favourable moment, chance, opportunity günstig, gutit's a good thing or job I was there — (nur) gut, dass ich dort war
4) = enjoyable holiday, evening schöndid you have a good day? — wie wars heute?, wie gings (dir) heute?
5) = kind gut, lieb(it was) good of you to come — nett, dass Sie gekommen sind
would you be good enough to tell me... — wären Sie so nett, mir zu sagen... (also iro)
6) = virtuous name, manners, behaviour gutif you can't be good, be careful — wenn du es schon tun musst, sei wenigstens vorsichtig
7) = well-behaved artig, brav (inf)be a good girl/boy — sei artig or lieb or brav (inf)
be a good girl/boy and... — sei so lieb und...
8)good man! — sehr löblich!, gut gemacht!
the Good Book —
the car is good for another few years — das Auto hält or tuts (inf) noch ein paar Jahre
10) = handsome looks, figure, features gut; legs, body schön11) = uninjured eye, leg gesund12) = thorough gut, gründlich, tüchtig (inf)to give sb a good scolding — jdn gründlich or tüchtig (inf) ausschimpfen
to have a good laugh — ordentlich or so richtig lachen (inf)
to take a good look at sth — sich (dat) etw gut ansehen
13) = considerable hour, while gut; amount, distance, way gut, schöna good many/few people — ziemlich viele/nicht gerade wenig Leute
14) in greetings gut15) in exclamations gut, primathat's good! — gut!, prima!
very good, sir — sehr wohl (old)
on you/him etc! — gut!, prima!; (iro also) das ist ja toll!
16) emphatic use schöna good strong stick —
good and hard/strong (inf) — ganz schön fest/stark (inf)
good and proper (inf) — ganz anständig (inf)
2. ADVERB1) = fine guthow are you? – good! — wie gehts? – gut!
2) = well strictly incorrect gut3. NOUN1) = what is morally right Gute(s) ntto do good —
2) = advantage, benefit Wohl ntthis affects us, for good or ill —
it's done now, for good or ill — es ist nun einmal geschehen
I did it for your own good — ich meine es nur gut mit dir, es war nur zu deinem Besten
to do sb good — jdm helfen; (rest, drink, medicine etc) jdm guttun
much good may it do you (iro inf) — na, dann viel Vergnügen!
that won't do much/any good — das hilft auch nicht viel/auch nichts
that won't do you much/any good — das hilft dir auch nicht viel/auch nichts
3)= use
what's the good of hurrying? — wozu eigentlich die Eile?he's no good to us — er nützt uns (dat) nichts
it's no good complaining to me — es ist sinnlos or es nützt nichts, sich bei mir zu beklagen
it's no good doing it like that — es hat keinen Sinn, das so zu machen
I'm no good at things like that —
he wasn't any good for the job —
4)we were 5 points/£5 to the good — wir hatten 5 Punkte zu viel/£ 5 plus
* * *good [ɡud]A s1. Nutzen m, Wert m, Vorteil m:for his own good zu seinem eigenen Vorteil;he knows too much for his own good er weiß mehr, als ihm guttut;what good will it do?, what is the good of it?, what good is it? was hat es für einen Wert?, was nützt es?, wozu soll das gut sein?;b) obendrein, extra ( → A 2);for good (and all) für immer, endgültig, ein für alle Mala) jemandem Gutes tun,b) jemandem guttun oder wohltun;much good may it do you oft iron wohl bekomms!;the common good das Gemeinwohl;be to the good nur zu seinem etc Besten sein;come to good zum Guten ausschlagen;it comes to no good es führt zu nichts Gutem;be up to no good nichts Gutes im Schilde führen;for good or for evil auf Gedeih und Verderb5. pl bewegliches Vermögen:a) Hab n und Gut n, bewegliche Sachen, Mobiliargut n,b) umg Siebensachen6. pl WIRTSCHb) (Handels)Güter pl, (Handels)Ware(n) f(pl):goods for consumption Verbrauchs-, Konsumgüter;goods in process Halbfabrikate, -erzeugnisse;a piece of goods sl eine Mieze;7. pl US Stoffe pl, Textilien plthat’s the goods!B adj komp better [ˈbetə(r)], sup best [best]good men and true redliche und treue Männer;a good father and husband ein guter oder treu sorgender Vater und Gatte;she is a good wife to him sie ist ihm eine gute Frau2. gut (Qualität):3. gut, frisch, genießbar:is this meat still good?;a good egg ein frisches Ei4. gut, lieb, gütig, freundlich:good to the poor gut zu den Armen;5. gut, lieb, artig, brav (Kind):6. verehrt, lieb:his good lady oft iron seine liebe Frau;7. gut, geachtet:of good family aus guter Familie9. a) gut, erfreulich, angenehm (Nachrichten etc):b) schön:it’s good to be home again;too good to be true zu schön, um wahr zu sein10. gut:a) geeignet, vorteilhaft, günstig, nützlichb) gesund, zuträglichc) heilsam:a man good for the post ein geeigneter oder guter Mann für den Posten;good for colds gut gegen oder für Erkältungen;milk is good for children Milch ist gut oder gesund für Kinder;good for one’s health gesund;what is it good for? wofür ist es gut?, wozu dient es?;it is a good thing that … es ist gut oder günstig, dass …;stay away if you know what’s good for you! das rate ich dir im Guten!;11. gut, richtig, recht, angebracht, empfehlenswert, zweckmäßig:in good time zur rechten Zeit, (gerade) rechtzeitig;all in good time alles zu seiner Zeit;in one’s own good time wenn es einem passt12. gut, angemessen, ausreichend, zufriedenstellend;his word is good enough for me sein Wort genügt mir;his time is only good enough for 4th place SPORT seine Zeit reicht nur für den 4. Platz13. gut, reichlich:a good hour eine gute Stunde;it’s a good three miles to the station es sind gut drei Meilen bis zum Bahnhof14. gut, ziemlich (weit, groß), beträchtlich, bedeutend, erheblich, ansehnlich:a good many eine beträchtliche Anzahl, ziemlich viele;15. (vor adj) verstärkend:a good long time sehr lange Zeit;good old age hohes Alter;16. gültig:a) begründet, berechtigt (Anspruch etc)b) triftig, gut (Grund etc):c) echt (Geld)17. gut, überzeugt (Republikaner etc)18. gut, fähig, tüchtig:he is good at arithmetic er ist gut im Rechnen;he is good at golf er spielt gut Golf;be good with one’s hands handwerkliches Geschick habengood debts WIRTSCH sichere Schulden;be good for any amount WIRTSCH für jeden Betrag gut sein21. JUR (rechts)gültigI am good for a walk ich habe Lust zu einem Spaziergang;I am good for another mile ich könnte noch eine Meile weitermarschieren;my car is good for another 10,000 miles mein Wagen macht noch leicht 10 000 Meilen ( → B 19)C adv1. umg gut:2. as good as so gut wie, praktisch:as good as new auch neuwertigD int gut!, schön!, fein!:good for you! umg (ich) gratuliere!G abk3. good* * *1. adjective,1) (satisfactory) gut; (reliable) gut; zuverlässig; (sufficient) gut; ausreichend [Vorrat]; ausgiebig [Mahl]; (competent) gut; geeignethis good eye/leg — sein gesundes Auge/Bein
Late again! It's just not good enough! — (coll.) Schon wieder zu spät. So geht es einfach nicht!
be good at something — in etwas (Dat.) gut sein
speak good English — gut[es] Englisch sprechen
be good with people — etc. mit Menschen usw. gut od. leicht zurechtkommen
2) (favourable, advantageous) gut; günstig [Gelegenheit, Augenblick, Angebot]too good to be true — zu schön, um wahr zu sein
the good thing about it is that... — das Gute daran ist, dass...
be good for somebody/something — gut für jemanden/etwas sein
eat more than is good for one — mehr essen, als einem guttut
it's a good thing you told him — nur gut, dass du es ihm gesagt hast
3) (prosperous) gut4) (enjoyable) schön [Leben, Urlaub, Wochenende]the good life — das angenehme[, sorglose] Leben
have a good time! — viel Spaß od. Vergnügen!
it's good to be home again — es ist schön, wieder zu Hause zu sein
5) (cheerful) gut; angenehm [Patient]good humour or spirits or mood — gute Laune
I'm not feeling too good — (coll.) mir geht es nicht sehr gut
6) (well-behaved) gut; bravbe good!, be a good girl/boy! — sei brav od. lieb!
[as] good as gold — ganz artig od. brav
7) (virtuous) rechtschaffen; (kind) nett; gut [Absicht, Wünsche, Benehmen, Tat]would you be so good as to or good enough to do that? — wären Sie so freundlich od. nett, das zu tun?
that/it is good of you — das/es ist nett od. lieb von dir
8) (commendable) gutgood for you — etc. (coll.) bravo!
good old Jim — etc. (coll.) der gute alte Jim usw. (ugs.)
my good man/friend — (coll.) mein lieber Herr/Freund (ugs.; auch iron.)
that's a good one — (coll.) der ist gut! (ugs.); (iron.) das ist'n Ding! (ugs.)
9) (attractive) schön; gut [Figur, Haltung]; gepflegt [Erscheinung, Äußeres]; wohlgeformt [Beine]10) (thorough) guthave a good weep/rest/sleep — sich richtig ausweinen/ausruhen/[sich] richtig ausschlafen (ugs.)
11) (considerable) [recht] ansehnlich [Menschenmenge]; ganz schön, ziemlich (ugs.) [Stück Wegs, Entfernung, Zeitraum, Strecke]; gut, anständig [Preis, Erlös]; hoch [Alter]12) (sound, valid) gut [Grund, Rat, Gedanke]; berechtigt [Anspruch]; (Commerc.) solide [Kunde]; sicher [Anleihe, Kredit]good sense — Vernünftigkeit, die
have the good sense to do something — so vernünftig sein, etwas zu tun
13) (in greetings)good afternoon/day — guten Tag!
good evening/morning — guten Abend/Morgen!
14) in exclamation gutvery good, sir — sehr wohl!
good God/Lord — etc. see nouns
15) (best) gut [Geschirr, Anzug]16) (correct, fitting) gut; (appropriate) angebracht; ratsam17)18)2. adverb as intensifiermake good — (succeed) erfolgreich sein; (effect) in die Tat umsetzen; ausführen [Plan]; erfüllen [Versprechen]; (compensate for) wieder gutmachen [Fehler]; (indemnify) ersetzen [Schaden, Ausgaben]. See also best 1.; better 1.
(coll.)good and... — richtig...
3. nounhit somebody good and proper — jemanden ordentlich verprügeln. See also best 2.; better 2.
1) (use) Nutzen, derbe some good to somebody/something — jemandem/einer Sache nützen
be no good to somebody/something — für jemanden/etwas nicht zu gebrauchen sein
it is no/not much good doing something — es hat keinen/kaum einen Sinn, etwas zu tun
what's the good of...?, what good is...? — was nützt...?
2) (benefit)for your/his etc. own good — zu deinem/seinem usw. Besten od. eigenen Vorteil
for the good of mankind/the country — zum Wohl[e] der Menschheit/des Landes
do no/little good — nichts/wenig helfen od. nützen
do somebody/something good — jemandem/einer Sache nützen; [Ruhe, Erholung:] jemandem/einer Sache gut tun; [Arznei:] jemandem/einer Sache helfen
I'll tell him, but what good will that do? — ich sag es ihm, aber was nützt od. hilft das schon?
come home £10 to the good — mit 10 Pfund plus nach Hause kommen
3) (goodness) Gute, dasthe difference between good and bad or evil — der Unterschied zwischen Gut und Böse
4) (kind acts) Gute, dasbe up to no good — nichts Gutes im Sinn haben od. im Schilde führen
5)for good [and all] — (finally) ein für allemal; (permanently) für immer [und ewig]; endgültig
6) constr. as pl. (virtuous people)8) in pl.the goods — (coll.): (what is wanted) das Gewünschte; das Verlangte
deliver the goods — (fig.) halten, was man verspricht
* * *adj.brav adj.gut adj.lieb adj. n.Gut ¨-er n. -
18 guarantee
I [ˌgærən'tiː] nгарантия, залог, обязательствоThe business is too risky without a substantial guarantee. — Дело сопряжено с большим риском и требует солидных гарантий.
It provides no sufficient guarantee against loss. — Это не дает достаточных гарантий от убытков.
He bought a fridge with a three-year guarantee. — Он купил холодильник с гарантией на три года.
He left $200 as a guarantee. — Он дал 200$ в качестве залога.
We give/offer/provide you a firm guarantee of quality. — Мы предоставляем вам твердую гарантию качества.
- irrevocable guaranteeThe watch will he repaired free if it is still under guarantee. — Часы будут отремонтированы бесплатно, если на них не истек срок гарантии
- sovereign guarantee
- valid guarantee
- seller's guarantee
- money back guarantee
- guarantee deposit
- guarantee period
- guarantee against defects
- guarantee of a firm
- guarantee for due payment
- watch with a two-year guarantee
- give a guarantee
- reimburse the guarantee deposit
- demand a guarantee
- provide a sufficient guarantee against loss II [ˌgærən'tiː] vдавать гарантию, обеспечивать, гарантировать, ручатьсяThe watch is guaranteed for a year. — Часы имеют гарантию на один год.
These pipes are guaranteed against rust. — Эти трубы не ржавеют. /Эти трубы гарантированы от ржавчины.
Can you guarantee that our order will be fulfilled in time? — Вы можете поручиться, что наш заказ будет выполнен вовремя?
The terms guarantee prompt delivery. — Условия соглашения гарантируют немедленную доставку
- guarantee delivery- guarantee safety of the cargo
- guarantee free repairs
- be guaranteed against breakage
- guarantee smb a job
- guarantee smth guaranteed for a year
- guarantee success
- guarantee the truth of the information
- guarantee the right to work
- guarantee smth against smth -
19 staunch
1. a твёрдый, стойкий; решительный; непоколебимый2. a верный, преданный3. a прочный, основательный4. a водонепроницаемый5. a редк. герметический6. a чуткийСинонимический ряд:1. firm (adj.) firm; inflexible; unyielding2. stable (adj.) fast; fixed; immovable; rooted; secure; solid; stable; steady; strong; sure3. true (adj.) allegiant; ardent; constant; faithful; liege; loyal; principled; resolute; sound; stalwart; steadfast; substantial; true; zealousАнтонимический ряд:disloyal; wishy-washy -
20 Caro, Heinrich
[br]b. 13 February 1834 Poznan, Polandd. 11 October 1911 Dresden, Germany[br]German dyestuffi chemist.[br]Caro received vocational training as a dyer at the Gewerbeinstitut in Berlin from 1852, at the same time attending chemistry lectures at the university there. In 1855 he was hired as a colourist by a firm of calico printers in Mulheim an der Ruhr, where he was able to demonstrate the value of scientific training in solving practical problems. Two years later, the year after Perkin's discovery of aniline dyes, he was sent to England in order to learn the latest dyeing techniques. He took up a post an analytical chemist with the chemical firm Roberts, Dale \& Co. in Manchester; after finding a better way of synthesizing Perkin's mauve, he became a partner in the business. Caro was able to enlarge both his engineering experience and his chemical knowledge there, particularly by studying Hofmann's researches on the aniline dyes. He made several discoveries, including induline, Bismark brown and Martius yellow.Like other German chemists, however, he found greater opportunities opening up in Germany, and in 1866 he returned to take up a post in Bunsen's laboratory in Heidelberg. In 1868 Caro obtained the important directorship of Badische Anilin-Soda- Fabrik (BASF), the first true industrial research organization and leading centre of dyestuffs research. A steady stream of commercial successes followed. In 1869, after Graebe and Liebermann had showed him their laboratory synthesis of the red dye alizarin, Caro went on to develop a cheaper and commercially viable method. During the 1870s he collaborated with Adolf von Baeyer to make methylene blue and related dyes, and then went on to the azo dyes. His work on indigo was important, but was not crowned with commercial success; that came in 1897 when his successor at BASF discovered a suitable process for producing indigo on a commercial scale. Caro had resigned his post in 1889, by which time he had made notable contributions to German supremacy in the fast-developing dyestuffs industry.[br]Further ReadingA.Bernthsen, 1912, obituary, Berichte derDeutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft, 45; 1,987–2,042 (a substantial obituary).LRD
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